The architecture of a classic IoT system consists of three main layers. The first layer is physical (sensing), where sensors record environmental parameters such as temperature, pressure, geolocation, or a person’s heart rate. The second layer is networking, responsible for transmitting the collected information via wireless channels (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 5G, LoRaWAN) to cloud platforms or edge servers (Edge Computing). The third layer is application-based, where the collected colossal amounts of big data are analyzed by machine learning algorithms to optimize processes and make automated decisions. It is this layer that ensures that a smart home turns on its heating on time and that a city’s traffic lights adjust their phases based on traffic density.